Thursday, March 18, 2021

Gita Philosophy Introduction

Why is it necessary to undertake the study of the Bhagavad Gita? 

Before we venture to acquire any new knowledge, we need to do a thorough enquiry as to why we need to acquire that knowledge and the necessity of it. If we understand the reason why we should study Gita,presented by Lord Sri Krishna, at this stage of our lives rather than at an old age when we are retired from all routines of life, it will help us study the text with a proper attitude and enthusiasm. 

A sloka explains the similarities and the difference between a human being and an animal. 

आहारनिद्रा भयमैतुनंच सामान्यमेतत् पशुभिर्नराणाम्  

(Aahaara nidra bhaya maithunancha saanyamaethath pashubhir naraanaam) 

The first line tells the similarities between the two of them. Intake of food, sleep, self defence and reproduction are the similarities between a human being and an animal. 

बुद्धिर्हि तेषां अधिकोविषेष: बुद्याविहीना पशुभि: समाना: ।। 

(Buddhirhi thesham adhiko vishesha: budhyaviheena pashubhir samaanaa:)  

Man is specially endowed with his intellect. The one who does not utilize this intellect properly will only be equal to an animal. Hence intellect is the one faculty that differentiates a human being from an animal.  

What is intellect?  

Intellect is an instrument. It functions in three ways as an instrument.  

1 Self-awareness. The ability to be aware of oneself. 

2. Discriminatory power. The ability to know of what is right and wrong.  

   By nature, every human being is endowed with this ability to differentiate between what is right and wrong. 

 3. The knowledge about reality and appearance. The moment we realize that a mirage is only an appearance and not real water, we start appreciating a mirage as just an appearance and the knowledge continues even while the appearance of a mirage continues. But an animal will not be able to differentiate between reality and appearance.  

If a man loses all the above three abilities of intellect, then he will only be considered  an animal. Hence the human intellect must be put into its maximum use and when one puts the intellect into good use one attains the following benefits. 

What are the benefits of human intellect? 

  1. Higher the intellect higher the pleasures of the world that one can enjoy. For example, a man with a higher intellect will be able to appreciate the fine arts and literature and enjoy the pleasures they offer while a man with a lower intellect will never know what these pleasures are. 

  1. The potentiality to control everything. We have seen people with higher intellect control things and people around them easily. 

  1. One can avoid papa karmas, which are prohibited actions, actions that harm others and oneself and choose to do punya karmas, actions that bring good to others and oneself with the use of one’s intellect. By gaining punya and avoiding papa one is eligible for the pleasures of this world and the world beyond. A question may be asked here on how gaining of punya karma helps one to enjoy the pleasures of this world. Oftentimes we see in this world that people have what they want but are unable to enjoy due to their inabilities. One may have all the money in the world but may lack physical and mental health. Hence it is said one requires punya in order to enjoy worldly pleasures. That punya helps one to gain a place in heaven is purely a thing of faith. A spiritual aspirant is neither interested in worldly pleasure nor in the other worldly. Hence there is a third benefit to a spiritual aspirant that comes from acquiring punya and avoiding papa. He gains the purity of mind that is required for the spiritual practice and the study of scriptures. He qualifies for the ultimate goal of life, self-realization. 

  1. One attains the ultimate goal of life which is realization of one’s self.  

What are the drawbacks of not putting one’s intellect into proper use? 

  1. One attains greater sorrow than animals. He suffers from lack of sleep; suffers due to his comparing himself with others; fears his own future. Due to intellect not properly put into use one will entangle himself in the problems created by himself. 

  1. Being a slave to things created by oneself. People often become addicted to things such as cell phones, movies, music, food etcetera, and struggle to come out of that addiction.  

  1. Accumulating papa. 

  1. One attains shoka, sorrow, and bondage due to intellect not properly put into use. 

Texts such as Bhagavad Gita and Upanishads instill the right knowledge that is required for one’s intellect. These philosophical texts clear one of the doubts about what is right and what is wrong; provides the knowledge about reality and appearance (Satya and Mitya) and makes one qualified to live as a human being. If we realize the necessity and importance of the Gita then the eagerness to study the Bhagavad Gita will increase. Now let us try to know the importance of studying Gita with an attitude of trust.  

Gita is one among the Prasthana Traya: 

The upanishads, Bhagavad Gita and Brahma Sutra are together called the Prasthana Traya. This means that these three texts are the ultimate instruments of Knowledge of the ultimate reality. The explanation of the ultimate reality is presented in a proper order in these three texts. No other text has any further explanation about the ultimate reality than presented in these three texts. The other spiritual texts can only be the elaborate explanations of the above three texts.

The Central theme of Gita:

  1. The realization of the Self. The knowledge of who I really am.

  2. The knowledge about Dharma, the righteous action.

  3. The knowledge about how to purify and strengthen your mind through various spiritual practices and make your intellect to qualify to attain Moksha, the freedom from bondage; freedom from the life of becoming.

Gita’s location:

Gita is located in the MahaBharata, a great classical epic composed by Vyasa. It is in Bhishma Parva, starting from the twenty fifth chapter and ending at forty second. Hence Gita consists of eighteen chapters and has seven hundred slokas.

Background:

The war between Pandavas and Kauravas has been finalized. Vyasa tells Dhritarashtra that he would give him the eyes of wisdom so he could witness the war. Dhritarashtra does not like to see his kith and kin die. Hence Vyasa gives those eyes of wisdom to Sanjaya who is the charioteer of Dhritarashtra. With these eyes, he will not only be able to see what happens in the battlefield but also will know what goes on in everyone’s mind in the battlefield. 

Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to tell him only the result of the war each day. At the end of the tenth day, Bhishma was defeated by Arjuna. After hearing this, having lost faith in his own side, Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to tell him everything from the beginning. Sanjaya begins to describe the moment the war began and the confusion that happened in Arjuna’s mind.

The entire first chapter and the first ten slokas of the second chapter describe the battlefield and the confusion in Arjuna's mind. But Shankara in his commentary on the Bhagavad Gita, starts to give explanation only from the eleventh sloka of the second chapter. 

 

First Chapter 

Arjuna Vishada Yoga (अर्जुनविषादयोग:)

The chapter explains Arjuna’s sorrow. Yoga here means topic. The word yoga has multiple meanings. Yoga can mean spiritual practice as well. Vishada  means sorrow.

Here the sorrow is of two kinds.

  1. Duryodhana experienced sorrow due to the jealousy about the Pandavas. This sorrow led to destruction for him and others.

  2. Arjuna’s sorrow was due to his compassion for the fellow beings. This sorrow helped him attain a mental maturity. The sorrow turned into a yoga (spiritual practice) for him. Because of his sorrow lord Krishna gave us the Gita. Hence Arjuna’s sorrow was the seed from which Gita sprouted.

We should realize what kind of sorrow will bind us and what kind will liberate us. The real bondage is the incompleteness that one feels in his mind.  This incompleteness in the mind leads to jealousy, anger, fear and hatred.

 

 


Thursday, February 18, 2021

The Coin - A short story ( complete)

The Coin  
A short story
There was jasmine fragrance in the air, ladies walked in their Silk Sarees hither and thither in an effort to produce the effect of hectic activity in the atmosphere. I was sitting impatiently with a silver tumbler full of hot coffee. For a moment I thought of keeping the tumbler on the floor so that one of the children jumping around might trip over it and relieve me off the pain of consuming the watery coffee. You cannot leave the coffee unfinished that was offered by a host, especially when the hosts turn out to be your in-laws. That simply is not respectful. The tradition forces you to accept gleefully anything that is offered by a host. You throw in anything into your throat that comes your way as if you are throwing garbage into a dustbin.
            For the fourth time in half an hour, my mobile phone vibrated in my pant pocket. I decided that the temperature was perfect for the coffee to be gulped in one go and after doing so I hurriedly took the phone out. It was Mr. Rama Krishnan again, my ex manager.
            I killed the persisting vibration and texted him saying I was busy and would meet him in twenty minutes. I pocketed the phone and scanned the marriage hall for a glimpse of Gayathri. There she was, engaged in an animated conversation with a portly lady. Suddenly as if by intuition, she turned toward my direction and presented one of her trade mark admiring smiles at me. Through my eyes I tried to convey that I needed her. I thought I succeeded. Abruptly she ended the conversation with another smile, on this occasion at the portly lady, and started walking towards me. In the Silk Saree, she looked like the school girl she was a few years ago when I fell in love with her.
            ‘Have you had your coffee or should I bring some?’ she asked standing in front of me with her hands on her hips.
            ‘Oh, I just had,’ I said. ‘Gaayoo! I need to leave. My ex boss wants me to meet him now,’
            ‘Mahesh! This is not fair. The function is hardly over. All the guests are here. It won’t look nice if you leave this early. Any of them may want to have a chat with you,’
            ‘Gaayoo! Try to understand. He is in town only for today. He leaves tonight for his hometown. And it has been years since we both met. You know very well he was instrumental in my growth. How can I avoid him? What possible explanation I could give him?’
            ‘Tell him the truth. That you are attending an important function and you can not leave the place since it would be disgraceful to the elders and the other relatives. He himself is a family man. He will understand. He wouldn’t be disappointed,’
            ‘He wouldn’t show if he has any. The point is it is I who want to meet him. At least I owe him that much,’
            Gayathri gave me an angry stare, and the look immediately altered to express a judgment that I am an incorrigible idiot. ‘Go!’ she said, looking away.
            ‘May I take the motor cycle? If I have to take the bus, it would take too much time,’
            ‘You are unbelievable! How do you think we will take the elders to the bus stop when they want to leave? Motorcycle? No way. Go away!’
            I knew that was the final verdict and slipped myself out of the house. At the entrance I saw some faces that smiled at me in a friendly way. I hadn’t a clue about who they were. Nevertheless I reciprocated. I wouldn’t be surprised if one of them came forward and stopped me from leaving. I did not want to give a chance for that to happen and started walking away immediately.
I thought for a while to take the bus and gave up the idea. You need to walk at least ten minutes to reach the bus stop and waiting for the bus would definitely take considerable amount of time. Reaching Rama Krishnan’s from Bhavani bus stand is no easy task either. I have decided to walk fast so that I can meet him in at least thirty to forty five minutes.
Cauvery River flowed between Bhavani and komarapalayam. At this place it gained a specific name Bhavani River. Three massive bridges linked the two little towns at various places. The third one, which was the closest to the bus stand, was built as recently as three years ago. Still no four wheelers were allowed to cross this bridge since the official opening ceremony of the bridge was not yet done. But the two wheelers ran on. Bhavani People working in textile weaving and processing mills in komarapalayam took this bridge after their work thereby cutting their travel expense from Komarapalayam to Bhavani and vice versa. Also buses from Erode, the capital of the Periyar district, reach Bhavani faster than they reach komarapalayam. So most of the Komarapalayam people prefer to take buses to Bhavani from Erode and walk on feet on the new bridge to their home town.
It was nearly six in the evening. The bridge had a heavenly atmosphere since the street lamps were on while the sunlight was still out. I walked on the pavement of the bridge, speeding up my pace as I went along. I felt the silky touch of the cool evening air on my face. The air has a peculiar nimbleness as it wafted through the surface of the river and I liked to breathe in the fresh air deeply. I breathed in what seemed to be a ton of air into my lungs and felt rejuvenated and relaxed. I reduced my pace to have a look around.  I looked into the river. It was one of those luckiest months when you got to see water in the river. Water had engulfed a lot of rocks, leaving the tips of a few on its surface. On the banks, a few women washed their clothes on the rocks and a few men bathed not faraway from them. I shifted my gaze to check the distance to be covered in order to cross the bridge. It might take a few more minutes. I saw people returning home from their work. Women from the nearby market carried large baskets on their heads and walked with an intense rhythm. Young boys and girls, evidently from private schools, (as Government schools finished early) pedaled their bicycles leisurely. Boys talked about cricket and cinema and girls talked about studies and cinema. When the boys were out of earshot, girls talked about boys and when the girls came within earshot, boys talked about girls. My lips curled with a slender smile at the sight of the freshness of youth blossoming in them. The bridge was full of noise. Two wheelers horned unnecessarily and people talked, shouted, cursed and spat needlessly. Tamil film songs were played loudly in the street side hotels to give the people a signal that their business has started. When I reached the other end of the bridge, two policemen stopped the two wheelers and checked whether their drivers had proper license. Apparently it was the end of the month. They required booking a minimum number of cases in a given month.
The bus station was situated at the end of the bridge. As soon as I reached the station I was delighted to see a bus waiting to go to Erode. If I took the bus now, I could save some valuable time in reaching Rama Krishnan’s which was near Kooduthurai. I jogged to the bus and climbed on it. It would not take more than ten minutes to reach my destination. My sprits rose.
When I climbed the bus down at Kooduthurai stop, I could not see Rama Krishnan at the tea shop, the place we both agreed to be the rendezvous. I scanned inside the teashop; no sign of him. Standing outside, I called him over my mobile phone.
It was difficult to make his voice out due to the noise made by the traffic. He stuck up in a dyeing unit and would meet me in twenty minutes. I was instructed to wait in front of the teashop until he arrived. I cursed myself for not checking up with him before I started.
While I was pondering my luck standing in front of the teashop (as there was not a single vacant seat inside it) I had a visitor. The man at first must have tried his luck with the teashop owner and its inhabitants, for his posture insisted that I should take something out of my pocket to offer him. He stood at least five minutes silently staring at me, apparently gauging my inherent qualities. His left hand lay stretched with open palm all the while.    
I should agree that though he looked a beggar, his appearance struck an undesirable chord somewhere inside my system. The reverberations lasted for a few more minutes even after he left. He wore a shabby and tattered shirt, his hair looked like a beehive and it seemed a blackish liquid had been applied all over his body. He wore a shoe on his right leg without a sock, and the shoe had an enormous hole at the top front. He was skinny but had a firm skeleton. Though his posture suggested that he stood in front of me for want of a one rupee coin, his stubborn gaze told a different story. His eyes were shining like a pair of fire balls, and it seemed that at any time he could spit fire through his eyes. I grew nervous as I observed him closely. Not out of compassion for a fellow human being but with an interminable desire to get rid off him, I decided to offer him something. I fumbled in my shirt pocket for a feel of the metal and found one. When I took it out I was upset to see a five rupee coin. Certainly I had no intention to gift a stray beggar a five rupee coin, which could buy you a cup of tea or enable you to travel back home in a bus. Five rupees is precious money. But then I had to erase his presence from my surrounding. With him gazing at me as if I have committed an irredeemable crime, I could not even stand peacefully. Half heartedly I dropped the coin in his palm. He did not thank me, I didn’t expect him to. He stood there still and wore the same malicious look on his face; I didn’t expect his expression to change either, for some inexplicable reasons. Somehow I felt obliged to do whatever he demanded. I started to fear that he would never leave me. May be he would like to take me with him, to wherever he went. I remembered in a Tamil movie starred by the Tamil super star Rajini Kanth, the hero was taken by a beggar to the Himalayas through many secret ways. There he would meet a lot of rishis and avatars. He would be awarded a number of boons. I could not suppress my smile at the thought of this. But his stare grew unforgiving at the sight of my smile. I contemplated whether to shoo him off myself, but gave up the thought and looked in the opposite direction. Kooduthurai temple Gopuram was in view, the letters Shiva, Shiva were prominently visible on the Gopuram. I could sense he was still staring at me and I started wondering whether I should leave from that place.
‘Hey man, how do you do?’ the unmistakable voice of Rama Krishnan echoed from behind. I turned abruptly to see a fast approaching Rama Krishnan. While he came closer to me, the beggar took leave immediately. I felt immensely relieved. I took my mobile and switched it off. I didn’t want disturbance during my conversation with him.
‘Hello sir, Vanakkam. How are you?’ I greeted him with a smile.
‘Mm... I am all right. You seemed to have forgotten all of us. Think about us some time man. Don’t forget your past,’
I smiled hesitantly. ‘It’s not like that sir, I was a little busy at a function in my in laws’’
‘Have you had something? Come on let’s have tea,’ he said. Grabbing my left shoulder, he dragged me into the teashop. He shouted his requirement to the tea master; two cups of milk tea, one with less sugar and two lentil vadas. We stood crammed in the little space that was available inside the teashop and waited for the tea to be served. 
The foam was present at least a quarter of an inch thick on top of the tea and I had to blow out the foam in order to find my tea. Rama Krishnan was doing the same. Almost everyone in Tamil Nadu does the same. You need to mention that you need the tea without any foam when you order. Some intelligent people do. They must have prepared the vada in the morning. It was cold and rough like leather.
Rama Krishnan suggested as there is no space inside the teashop and in his room his room mate will be present, it would be better if we went into Kooduthurai temple to have a long talk. Well, the temple closed at eight in the evening after the final puja, but still we could sit on the temple veranda and talk for some time he said.
As we entered the Kooduthurai temple, memories came to me like short waves. At this very temple I expressed my love to Gayathri and received a smile that even the deity at the Madurai Meenakshi Amman could not match. For a year and a half the temple had been a place for our frequent visits. My primary purpose of the visit would only be to be with her and have joyful conversation while for her it was her Shiva, the lord of destruction who had to be attended first. Of the countless lingams situated at various places inside the temple, a tiny one that sat under a Beal tree would receive her dedicated attention and a quarter of an hour of silent worship with the sacred ash and Beal leaves; prior to that a visit to the main deity The Sangameshwara is a must. All this while I would accompany her edgily awaiting the sweet talks I would have with her after her ceremonious round up around the temple.
That evening too, I was waiting edgily for Rama Krishnan to start the conversation, and to be exact I was awaiting the moment he would let me leave. Somehow I got an unpleasant feeling about this meeting. Also I could not get the beggar out of my mind.
Rama Krishnan had gone to buy some Prasad from the temple shop. When he returned his face looked bright. ‘The tamarind rice that is sold here is the most delicious in this town’ he said sitting beside me and offering me a bundle of tamarind rice.
While I was opening the bundle, I could not help but wonder at the sight of innocence present on his face. I felt a tinge of guilt developing in me.
‘Sir, do you still remember that tinopal incident?’ I asked him hesitantly.
‘Oh, yes. How could I forget the very incident that changed the course of my life?’
‘I am extremely sorry sir,’ I said: my guilt conscious ballooning up. ‘It was my entire fault,’
‘No, no, no. Don’t be silly. You did the best you could. You contacted me immediately when you found out you have added tinopal to the lot by mistake. You didn’t try to hide your mistake or put the blame on someone, you know. That’s a noble quality for me. The only mistake you have committed was to forget my instructions. I clearly said umpteen times that it wasn’t a white lot and we shouldn’t add tinopal. But then you were inexperienced. You had been transferred from the laboratory to the bleaching department just a week earlier. You could have been careful. But never mind. It’s all a thing of the past now,’ he said, more intend on the tamarind rice than on the conversation.
I wanted to express myself completely, knowing full well I could not. ‘But sir, it was a night shift and I slept immediately after giving the chemical requirements to the laborer. I forgetfully added two kilos of tinopal and the laborer obliged my instruction while I was blissfully unaware of anything that was going on. Had I been awake that night, I could have avoided the blunder. It was a lot that was meant to be dyed with burgundy color, but I made dyeing impossible by adding the whitening agent. It was ten thousand meters of fabric, sir. I incurred a great loss to the company and the buyer. You took the blame on yourself. I got away with some stern warnings. But it was you who suffered a great deal. You lost your job. The provident fund was denied. As you said, it’s true that incident changed the course of your life, but all because of me.  I feel guilty when I think of you and our company, sir. That was the reason why I tried to avoid meeting you on the earlier occasions even when you insisted,’
‘You know, Mahesh, you had just given your resignation then. If you had accepted responsibility for the slipup, the MD would not have spared you. Your salary for that month would not have been issued; neither would you have got your bonus for that year. Pongal was nearing, remember? I knew the bonus was substantial amount of money, considering the financial trouble your family was undergoing at that time. Not to mention the influence the MD had over the new company you were going to join. He could have ruined your chances of going up in the ladder,’ he said.
‘But sir, the ruination struck you massively.’
‘You think so? No, no. in fact it was a blessing in disguise for me. I always wanted to get rid of this wretched job but did not have the guts to do it. When it came naturally, although I was dumbstruck at first, I felt relieved. It gave an opportunity to reflect back on my own life and made it easier for me to take some important decisions in my life. So, in a way, I am happy that the inevitable happened.’
‘Are you really happy at the moment, sir?’
‘You could say that. One is never happy with one’s life at any point. But I can say I am free of a lot of load at this moment. My pocket is empty; my path is clear; no sidekicks; no masters,’ he said, laughing aloud.
I was looking at him intently for a minute. I pondered over what he said to me just now. Though he sounded like a hippy, the slight quiver in his voice suggested he had been wounded severely by the sudden turn of events in the evening of his career. He was earning a handsome remuneration along with the percentage commission from the buyers for optimum quality of the fabric and timely delivery. He lost everything over the little conversation he had with the MD and it seemed he was only justifying his predicament. I knew he did not have preferences in life. He had only an old ’86 Bajaj scooter he bought from a whole sale rice trader and wore cloths that he bought fifteen years earlier. He could be satisfied with a simple meal. But he had an uneducated wife who complained about anything he did for the family and two teenage daughters who liked to spent his money lavishly on beauty products. Through my former colleagues from the textile processing unit, I learnt that he wasn’t doing well financially off late. He took up some orders from tiny textile units, did the following up work for them thereby getting a small amount of money which could hardly satisfy his day to day needs, let alone his family requirements.
Seeing me sunk deep in thoughts, he said: ‘Of course, I struggled financially for a while. I even tried contacting you; sent you mails; tried calling your number many times. You wouldn’t budge. You were busy building up your new career, I guess.’
I was busy. I changed my career from being a quality control officer into an instructor in a reputed educational institution in Bangalore. The job paid more than decently. I was a changed man in about five years. I built my own house at my home town; I had my own cheverolet and a fat sum in my fixed deposits. When Rama Krishnan called I knew it was for a financial help and that was precisely why I tried avoiding him. One of my colleagues from the textile unit contacted me informing that Rama Krishnan might approach me to request for a huge some of money as he was trying to establish his own marketing firm. I could have helped, if not for the construction of my own house. But you can’t always justify your position, particularly with Rama Krishnan.
‘Your hands shiver a little.’ I said, observing an uneasy tenderness throughout his body.
‘Oh, yes.’ He said looking into his palms. ‘This is the time for me to jump into the dreamy ocean.’
‘I…I don’t understand.’
‘These days I take refuge at liquor. It serves me well. Making me forget this worthless world and transporting me into another dimension. Do you drink, Mahesh?’
‘Occasionally I do. Especially when there is a farewell party I sip a peg or two.’
‘It’s been four years, Mahesh, since I have taken to drinking. You know I am a much disciplined drunkard. A quarter a day, that’s all I need.’
I was shaken. Rama Krishnan was known for his clean character. He didn’t have any unwanted habit; not even munching beetle leaves and nuts. He was respected by one and all as a man with a vision.
‘What were you doing all these years, sir?’ I asked.
‘Well, I struggled initially to set up my own marketing firm. You could say I am still struggling; the only difference being I don’t give a damn to my day to day struggles these days. I have lost nearly seven hundred thousand, Mahesh. If you add my income for all these years, the sum may go up to one point two million. Never mind, with a stroke of a genius I can earn a sum of not less than a million this year. I have been in touch with a South African buyer. The bargain has started. He is willing to give me a container printing order. I may get a two per cent commission this time. I am optimistic.’
He was an adamant optimist, I knew. But this time it seemed that his plan was not only improbable but imaginary. I knew for certain that all the container printing orders from South Africa had been transferred to China. The Chinese could afford to process the order at the lowest price since they pay their laborers a diminutive wage. With Indian processors it had always been a problem filled affair. Optimum quality and timely delivery are two big important factors that satisfy a buyer. Indian processors are famous for their mishaps in the above areas. Employing child laborers for the work, failing to meet pollution control board standards and trying to cheat the Board of Central Excise are supplementary factors that make a buyer very infuriated. All these factors gathered for a long time to permanently erase container printing orders from Indian soil.
‘Your silence makes me think you pity me.’ Rama Krishnan said, not looking at me. ‘You don’t need to…’ he ceased to speak abruptly. He was looking at the dining hall in front of the Lakshmi Narasimha Temple. I turned to see what he was looking at. A group of devotees of Sabari pilgrimage crossed our view wearing black colored dhotis. The chant ‘Saranam Ayyappa’ rose deafeningly from the group. Little girls were busy lighting lamps at the boundary of the dining hall. There seemed a lot activity since the final pooja of the day was about to begin. It was time to go. I took out my mobile and switched it on. I looked back at Rama Krishnan. He was not looking at the bustle in the crowd. He was particularly staring at the water tap at the far side if the dining hall. I tried to find out what interested him. There he was- my tormentor, drinking water from the tap, oblivious to whatever happened around him. I felt the same stroke of awkwardness as before.
My mobile vibrated. It was Gayathri. I ignored. She could wait another fifteen minutes.
‘You see that beggar?’ Rama Krishnan asked. I answered him that I did. Rama Krishnan said he was from Andhra Pradesh. He came here three years ago. He had been a jewelry entrepreneur in his state; a millionaire undoubtedly. ‘He tried to take giant steps in the business; lost all his wealth due to a corporate crisis; his wife killed herself; he became insane. Ever since   he arrived here, he has been looking for his lost wealth in other people’s pockets’ Rama Krishnan laughed.
The watchman was pushing the beggar with a wooden stick. He was having a hard time in sending the beggar out of the temple. I looked back at Rama Krishnan. He appeared to have forgotten about the beggar. He continued to speak about his plans feverishly. He would marry her first daughter to a software programmer settled in the United States. By this time next year he would finish the construction of his house in his hometown, Trichy. He just needed a sum of thirty thousand to meet his present requirements. He didn’t ask me for that money. Somehow he would manage. He was really happy that I made such rapid progress in my life.
I was listening to him all the while wondering what part I have played in leading him to this present predicament. I ignored Gayathri twice during his talk.
   I had to ask for excuse from Rama Krishnan, for Gayathri was calling me for the fourth time.
‘Why did you keep your mobile switched off?’ she asked. I could sense irritation in her voice.
‘I wanted to have a peaceful conversation with him that’s why. What happened? Did you try calling me before?’
‘I have been trying your number incessantly. Where is the vehicle key? Do you have it with you? I did a complete search here.’
I rummaged in my pant pockets and found the key to the motorcycle in the right pocket.

The End.
 






Tuesday, October 20, 2020

Never let me go _ Kazuo Ishiguro Novel notes

Never let me go _ Kazuo Ishiguro
Novel notes

Chapter 1
Kathy, 31.tells the story - She is a carer for 12 years -She remembers her school days - Her friends Ruth and Tommy - Her school Hailsham. Tommy is playing football with boys. Kathy and girls watch from pavilion. Kathy is worried tom will dirty his new polo shirt- Boys do not choose Tommy for playing – they leave him- Tommy shouts after them – Kathy approaches Tommy and got slapped accidentally – he doesn’t apologize – Kath tells him about his shirt – he did not bother but his anger came down.

Chapter 2
Kath tells about her school- tells about Tommy getting bullied for his lack of creativity and urge to show it – tells about spring exchange – exchanging products made by students – even poem is sold – tells how bullying of tommy started – his elephant art and the teacher’s praise – the talks and the rooms of the Hailsham - tells how tommy after a few days changed and became confident  - she asks him how at lunch – he tells miss Lucy advised him – she doesn’t believe – he promised her to tell everything at the pond.

Chapter 3
Kathy meets tommy at the pond – he tells what ms.Lucy told him – it’s all right to be not creative – that brought the change in him – he says lucy was shaking – she also said the kids were not taught enough – this reminds Kathy of the Gallery – their creations collected by madame every 3 months for the gallery – madame is not very friendly – kathy’s friend says madame was scared of the kids – they want to test her theory – they abruptly appear before madame when she visits the house for the collecting articles – she stood shocked and walked – kathy says something changed permanently in them after the incident 

Chapter 4
Token controversy – kath says the things they experienced (tommy and ruth) grew and dominated their lives – Ms.Emily head guardian- her hair tightly tied but strands coming out – token controversy taken to her – Ms.Lucy’s class in library – she says the  students will know eventually why madame takes their things for the gallery. 
Sales – the van coming with things- noise and excitement – exchanges In hushed tones – assembly with Ms.Emily – Emily’s character – Kath sees Emily when she was talking to no one in class –
Kath remembers her early memory of ruth – at five while playing in sand pit – the at 8 she tells kath to ride her horses – imaginary horses – she rides all horses – when kath brings them to stable ruth is annoyed with her – she asks if she likes Ms.geraldin – if she is her favorite –kath says yes – ruth says she would let her be Ms.Geraldin’s guard.


Chapter 5
Secret guard is group of students led by ruth that protects Ms.Geraldin from being abducted. – Kath says about the forest behind the school– a boy went there and his hands and legs chopped off and died – a girl’s ghost is still lurking – ruth and co feels that is where Ms.G will be kidnapped – two other guardians might be sabotaging against her – Eileen and Roger – ruth maintains that she knows many things about this before anyone came into the secret guard.
Kath thinks ruth is good at chess – she walks over one day and tells a brilliant move – this makes kath wants to learn chess from ruth – she buys the chess board – learns ruth does not really play well – she leaves in anger – next day ruth talking to her secret guards avoiding kath – she was irritated – when kath walks with moira she sees ruth with the guards again – moira was expelled from the guards recently – moira says it’s rubbish this secret guard thing – kath gets angry and shouts she knows a lot about the thing – kaths says she knows about the secret thing  personally without ruth saying it – and leaves in anger with moira – not annoyed by ruth now – when she thinks now she does not know why she got angry with moira, her only ally. 
Another encounter with ruth a few years later – they are in a small classroom – all are crammed – kath sees a pencil case with ruth – she asks how she got it – other students watch it – ruth says with a smile do not tell anyone – indicating it came from Ms.G – kath was shocked – she did not believe it – no favoritism in school – she decided to find out – she tried to check register at the sale – but decided to bluff – one day she says she saw the last week’s register – ruth was shocked – seeing this kath thinks why did she do this to her best friend – ruth leaves quietly.

Chapter 6
Kath wants to set it right with ruth – she tries to be nice with her – she moves away to allow ruth to walk with Ms.G – she mentions in font of others that if ruth asks miss.G she would say yes - once in the art class when a girl asks where the pencil case was and where it came from kath says it is secret meaning that it came from Ms.G – ruth felt nice – she wants to do something in return.
Kath loses her favorite tape – Ms.Emily teaches counties of England with pictures for each county – except for Norfolk – She says it is in a corner of England – It is a lost corner – this reminds of the lost corner in Hailsham where all the lost and found things would go – they think all the lost and found things of Englan would go to Norfolk – after years kath and tommy found the copy of the same tape kath lost – they say it is the lost corner after all.
Kath wants to talk about her tape – songs of dark by judy bridgwater – she is at the cover with a cigarette – that is why kath keeps the record as a secret – smoking is not allowed in school – even pictures that remind smoking – lectures are often given about the ill effects of smoking – when Ms.Lucy one day lectures about smoking, marge asks her if she smoked – kath and others annoyed since she asjed such a rude question – but Ms,Lucy answered she did – for 2 yrs but stopped since it is bad for health – but it is even worse for them because they are special – they need to keep their insides clean – kath and students heard about donations but never thought about it- students were annoyed why marge asked lucy that question.
About the tape – kath put the cover upside down to hide the cigarette picture – the reason why she likes the cassetee is one song – baby never let me go – she thinks it’s a song by mom who says to her baby never let me go – but the songs is about something else – she plays the song in the dorm over and over – one day she plays it and dances to it having a pillow for child- madame appears – stands quietly and sobs – she leaves sobbing – kath is confused – shares this with tommy after 2 years – he says it because she cannot have children – by now everyone knows no one can have children in Hailsham- but no one takes this seriously – they think they can have sex without getting pregnant – kath asks how madame knew the song was about babies – it was not – it was only that kath thinks that way – tommy replies may be madame can read minds – they feel a chill in their minds.
One day kath loses the tape – she could not find anywhere – she hides her anxiety and quietly enquires – ruth wanted to do something nice for kath ever since the pencil box incident – she went about enquiring students about the lost tape – one day on the hill top ruth gives kath a bag- which contains a tape – not the lost tape – but a different one – though kath does not like the kind of songs she feels very happy – now that ruth is gone she still keeps it as a souvenir though she never listens to it.

Chapter 7
Kath wants to talk about her live from13 to 16 – they were not unhappy but dark – she starts to observe lucy – in English class they talk about electric fences and soldiers killed by it – all students mimic soldiers – lucy says there are no electrical fences in Hailsham- but you get terrible accidents sometimes -   
One day during rain the whole class is with lucy – she advises 3 boys who claim to go to US to become actors – she says all students become donors of their vital organs – guardians used to lecture the students about having sex with people outside –they need to be careful.- they can’t have babies- the outsiders take sex seriously – because they can have babies.
One day tommy has a gash at his elbow – this was when he bullied – the boys say if he fold his hand it will unzip and the hand will come off – believing it he kept his hand straight all the time – he even asks kath to put a sling on his hand so he would keep his hand straight during nights – he comes to know he was being cheated –the term unzipping becomes famous – all talk about unzipping their organs – talk of organ donation in a funny way – later tommy said when lucy advised them about organ donation nobody thought about how lucy will face difficulties because of that- he says they were very selfish to think about themselves – this was proved by the incident at room 22

Chapter 8
One day kath goes upstairs since she forgot something – nobody there- she finds lucy scribbling furiously on sheets – she was very angry at something – when she sees kath she raises her head and says what is the matter?- 
Tommy walks with his friends one day – at the back of his shirt some dirt – laura and kath walk behind them – Laura calls poo poo on your shirt – tommy turns around and comes back to stare at her – and he leaves without saying anything – 
Kath gets a calendar made by a student at the exchange – each month has drawing from Haolsham – some students and guardians in sketch – kath shows this to tommy – he shuffles and becomes moody – he gives back to her –
About sex – kath is confused whether having sex encouraged at Hailsham – they advise about sex – they say it is a beautiful thing – but students can’t find a place to have sex – many pretend to have sex – it seems like since the guardians are normal they still feel having sex is a taboo – 
Kath wants have sex – since everyone claims to have sex she decides to do it – she chooses Harry C – she tries to learn about sex in books – not helping – the movies had only few clippings but she could not watch them over and over again –she could not have sex with Harry because tommy and ruth broke up

Chapter 9
Since tommy and ruth broke up one girl suggests to kath that she was the natural successor – kath gets confused by this – she was getting to ready to have sex with harry – now she had her hopes high on tommy – after all she was his best friend – she tells harry she could not have sex with him. – ruth comes to her a request –
Ruth takes her to the dorm – ask her to help to get back tommy – she says kath was his best friend – he would listen
Kath meets tommy in the football field – says he needs to get his things back – he says he was alright – she says he is not – tells him about ruth – but tommy was engrossed in something else. – he helps lucy carry some books to her class – lucy talks to her in an excited manner about how he should become creative – she was sorry she advised him years ago about how it was alright to be not creative – she says his art is important – more than just an evidence – kath asks what is meant by evidence – he does not know – lucy says gallery of madame is important
Kath remembers why she came to him – she tells she needs to get back to ruth – she is his best chance – surprisingly tommy was calm – because we need to go into the real world he says he needs to be slow and not hurry about getting back to ruth – kath thinks her mission not accomplished.
After few days there was news in the air that lucy left hailsham – one of her classes was taken by Emily and she says lucy was absent – during the class she announces lucy left and will not be returning – the word gets around – kath runs to tell tommy – he already knew from his friends – ruth and tommy get back – ruth thanks kath – kath says she did not do any help – ruth would not listen – kath gets into her good books and remains ever after.


Part 2
Chapter 10
Kath and seven of them come to the cottages – keffer is the in charge  - they think he is like the guardian – but he is not – he is just care taker – the veterans the seniors can go out of the cottages for two or three days – kath thinks they could do the same in a few days – they spent 2 years there – a lot of reading going on in the cottages – the couple act very matured – reading is like sex in hailsham – everybody pretend like they read everything – ruth makes a big scene of making out with tommy but later realizes it is not the way with the cottages -
Kath finds how the veteran couple adopt things TV programs – they don’t hug each other before parting – the girl nudges the boy in the arm – ruth learns this from them – does the same with tommy – he is bewildered – kath notices this 
It is nearly autumn – kath lies down on the grass and reads a novel – ruth comes and sits with her – starts to explain the plot of the novel – she acts as though she read all the books and goes around telling everyone about the book – kath got irritated though she did not enjoy the book – she gets up and asks why she nudges tommy in the arm – like the veterans do – ruth gets annoyed – says kath wants her attention because ruth has friends among veterans – kath tells it is from the tv programs – ruth says it’s not the problem – tommy and her both talked about it and he will understand – she says kath also has some friends among veterans – kath stands up and leaves the place.

Chapter 11
Sex at the cottages is taken in a casual way – the ones that have sex become couple – they also have casual sex without becoming couple – Kath had a few one nighters with a few boys – that is why she got annoyed when ruth said she had a few friends among veterans –but during nights ruth and kath becomes normal friends again and talk like old times – kath tells her about her one nighters – ruth says it’s a bit weired but it will go away – kath asks about the collection she brought from Hailsham – ruth say she brought them in a bag – seeing no veteran maintains the collection she decides to throw it away – she gave it to keffer and he must have kept it somewhere – 
Nobody speak much about students leaving the cottages – just a few mentions – likes Steve’s sex magazine – sex magazines are common in the cottages – everyone takes it casually – but ruth says all like it but don’t show it – keffer is religious and does not like sex – he checks for the magazines and takes them away – one day he takes six magazines and forgets outside – kath takes them and goes into the barn to shuffle through them – she does not look at the bodies but the faces – tommy comes there – kath says come join me – tommy says do you see them to have a kick – kath says what’s wrong in it – tommy says he watched her going through a magazine the other day – her face showed not excitement but some kind scare – kath gets irritated and leaves him

Chapter 12
Norfolk trip – possibles – dream future – When Chrisse and Rodney go to Norfolk they claim they saw a possible for ruth at an office – a possible is a person of which the students are models- they are kept for donations – chrisse is tall beautiful – she kept poking you with her finger when she talks – one day ruth tells them of their dream future – what they want to do in future – she wants to work in an office – so chrisse tells the same thing now – she saw a person at Norfolk who works in an office who is a possible for ruth – tommy. Ruth and kath decided to go with them to see if it was true

Chapter 13
On the eve of the day of the trip the car that Rodney booked broke down so he had to book another one – ruth was at first was not very serious about the trip – when she hears about the break down she got disappointed – the next day they all go in the car – the three sat at the back seat with ruth in the middle – she kept talking to Rodney and chirisse at the front hiding the view for the other two –when they stop the car to stretch legs kath says to swap seats with her so she can talk to tommy while ruth talks to the other two – ruth gets angry and says don’t spoil everything – they travel with the same seating arrangement and reach the town
They park the car and walk with Rodney leading – they find a restaurant at the edge of the cliff leading to the seafront – they sit there and have some food – Rodney says martin, a veteran from last year works somewhere in the town – they talk of martin sometime which the other three don’t understand – then the talk turns to deferrals in Hailsham – you can postpone donations for 3 years if you have a partner – the three do not about this –ruth pretends like she knew about this a little – but tommy blurts out he did not a have a clue – Rodney and chrisse say they want to meet martin – kath asks why do they have to meet him -ruth says she wants to see her possible – she stands up whie tommy gets irritated – kath goes to pay the bill while others leave the hotel and look at the sea.

Chapter 14
Rodney and chrisse say they want to buy some birthday cards – all go into a shop –everybody looking in different aisles – chrisse and ruth talking- chrisse asks how come they don’t know who to go to at Hailsham for deferrals – kath listens to them – they leave the shop – outside Rodney points out a woman in a glass window shop – she looks somewhat like ruth – they leave the spot for fear of spotting - ruth says they can go to have a second look – 
While waiting the woman comes out –all follow her through various streets – woman goes into a art shop – they go in – look at various arts – woman talks with the silver haired woman for a long time – all 5 waiting and looking pictures – they realize the woman does not look like ruth –woman leaves – the art woman comes and explains about the picture they are watching – they come out and in the high street they say it does not look like ruth – ruth gets upset – tommy says trip was only fun – ruth gets angry with him – Rodney says let’s go meet martin – kath says she does not want to go – they are not supposed to meet a carer – tommy said he will stay with kath – ruth was angry with them – Rodney, chrisse and ruth leave to meet martin.

Chapter 15
Kath and tommy move in the opposite direction with tommy lagging behind – he says while in shop he was looking for the tape kath lost – when she lost it in Hailsham he wanted somehow to find it and give it to her – he is not sure of the name of the tape – kath tells him – he says it is not there – but they can find it elsewhere – they have time – they go in search of second hand shops – in one of the shops kath finds the tape – she is stunned – she tells tommy – he says he will buy it for her – he buys it – kath says it was the memory that still lingers
Outside the shop tommy says about the deferral – why no one knows it in Hailsham – is the Gallery and madame something to do with it – he presents his theory – if a couple applies for deferral madame decides if the couple matches each other by looking at their products from years before – kath asks if tommy managed to get anything into the gallery – he says no – he says he is working on his imaginary animals right now – even ruth does not know about it –kath fears if he will again become a laughing stock –
They reach the car parking and wait for the others to return – tommy asks about her porn magazine incident – why she was interested in looking at the faces of the porn stars? – was she looking for her doubles from the porn magazines? Why would she think that she would become a porn star? – kath hides her tears – she says probably she has too much inclination for sex – she had done it with people she really did not like – tommy says he also has the urge – but that’s normal – kath says he would not understand – tommy had his hand around her shoulder – kath wants to get his hand off before others return – they return – ruth is in a good mood – she wants to make up for how she behaved before departing – in the car she talks everything to kath – occasionaly nudging and kissing tommy – kath things everything was well among the three/

Chapter 16
The Norfolk effect – the five of them don’t talk to anyone of what happened at Norfolk – not even among themselves – this enables kath not to tell ruth about the tape – spring – veterans are leaving for training – 
In the gooshouse tommy shows his animal pictures to kath – ruth had already seen it – tommy asks what was she thinking – kath could not say anything – she says what madame would think of it – he says at least they are good enough for madame to consider – he says he is not doing them for the gallery – he likes them –kath says they are really good – he can show it to anyone.
When Hailsham got mentioned ruth just has a straight face as if it was a thing of the past – once when kath mentions Hailsham in front of veterans ruth does not react – on another occasion when kath mentions it she does the same – kath asks what was the matter – she says just get on with the things – why bring hailsham? – 
Kath tells ruth about a boy she had sex with – lenny and his funny appearances – they both had a good laugh – while hearing her ruth finds the tape and asks about it – kath says tommy bought it for her – she does not react much and kept the tape in the place.
In the church kath finds both tommy and ruth – ruth says tommy had the theory about the gallery – only he chose to reveal it now – but he had told kath already – ruth says his pictures are not good – she says even kath things the same – tommy is shocked to hear this – kath did not know what to say – she wanted to hug him but did not –she leaves them to their destiny and returns to the cottage.

Chapter 17

Kath had lost interest in writing the essay assigned by Hailsham - After a a few days of the churchyard incident the three talk normally as though nothing happened – but kath could see the distance between tommy and ruth widened now – once in a bus shed kath decides to sort things out with ruth – she says tommy needs her support – ruht agrees – she says may be they may not be couple for a long time – tommy likes kath really well – but he does not like to be her couple because she had sex with too many – kath agrees – she talks about Hailsham and hubarb patches – nobody allowed to walk through it – ruth acts as though she did not know about it –kath got irritated and says don’t pretend you don’t know – ruth says what about it get on with – after this they depart without touching their elbows or shoulders as they normally do - after this they continued to be friends.
Kath decides to undergo training for a carer – she tells this to Keffers – she does not explain her future life with ruth – before realizing she was saying good byes to all

Part 3 

Chapter 18
A few years after kath left the cottages – a carer now – solitude is the main thing – she has not seen anyone from the cottages until now – one day she meets laura sitting in her car – they spoke- she says ruth had become a donor – the donation did not go well – she asks why couldn’t kath become her carer – kath said it was difficult – finally they talk about closing of Hailsham – kath knew about it from another student –this reminds her of the balloons she saw one day – one afternoon after a heavy rain and in the sunlight kath sees a clown getting out of a car – he carries a bunch of balloons and walks along the pavement – the ballons had faces drawn on them - kath had to walk in the same way – she looks at the balloons- they were securely fastened –she imagines someone comes with a shear and cuts the strings – the balloons are freed and go in different directions – now they have no relation among them – Haisham students are like that kath thinks – during the talk with Laura, kath decides to become ruth’s carer
Kath goes and meets ruth in the hospital – after 2,3 visits she becomes her carer – they talk.talk for a long time – one day kath comes to visit early – ruth was taking bath in the opposite bath – kath waits – when ruth comes she becomes shocked because she was only with a towel –
Ruth says there was a boat that was deserted – she wants to go see – kath says it’s an hour and half away – ruth insists – she is bored sitting in the hospital – kath says tommy is near – why don’t we visit him – kath comes to know because tommy lives close to the boat ruth wants to visit the boat – kath calls tommy’s place and informs they are visiting 

Chapter 19
They first go and pick tommy up – all three go to see the boat – while driving kath talks to tommy – this looks as though they both teamed up against ruth – they reached the boat – they have a talk – they return – tommy talks of a poster – ruth did not notice – kath talks of another poster – it showed the picture of an office – she stops the car to show the banner – she says ruth should have pursued her dream –ruth say she wants to apologize – she also felt like doing it with others even while with tommy – she talks about chrissie being completed (dead?) – she says since she is weak now kath and tommy should get to gether – they should apply for deferral – she gives a crushed paper to tommy – it has madame’s address – whenever they decide they should go there –they leave tommy and return – they don’t speak –but the relation between them gets to normal slowly 

Chapter 20
Kath becomes tommy’s carer – she goes to kingsfield and stays with him- they start to have sex – 
Tommy starts to draw his animals – he shows them to kath – kath is relieved because she thinks it’s his way of saying he did not mind about what happened in the cottages with the animal pictures – it meant he wants to go for the deferral with kath 
Kath returns to kingsfield after so many days – she meets tommy and says how she saw madmae – she did not speak to her – she followed her – she lives in the same address mentioned by ruth – she said now we can go and ask her – tommy asks where would they go live if she accepts to give them the dererral – kath says somewhere anywhere – tommy says he needs to take the animals with them

Chapter 21
Tommy and kath go to meet madame – they spot her outside and follow her to her house – at the doorsteps she meets them – tommy says they need to talk – they go inside –madame asks them to sit – she goes upstairs – they go in and have debate about whether a picture is of Hailsham’s or not – they hear voices upstairs – a man’s voice – madame comes back – she asks them to sit down – tommy says why they came to meet her – madame kept asking questions in a surprising tone and asks “do I go too far?” “do we continue?” – after a certain time kath realizes the question is not for her – it was for someone at the back – kath turns to look who it was – the passage was dark – there was mechanical clincking sound – madame goes past them and brings a person in the wheel chair – at first they could not see who it was – the person is tattered and whethered – by her voice they identify it was Ms.Emily
 
Chapter 22

Ms.Emily talks in length about Hailsham and why it closed – because of a scam – a scientist in Scotland tries to create intelligent children using genetic engineering – but the world did not like it – he was caught – Hailsham students were always treated better than any others – but this scam caused the closing of the school – about the dererrals the rumors were not true – she was waiting for people to take her furniture from the house – she talks about the gallery – the things in the gallery were a kind of proof that the students from Hailsham possessed souls – that was why they collected the artwork from students – kath and tommy leave – at the front they meet madame – they talk about the when madame saw kath dancing to never let me go – they leave – on the way tommy asks to stop the car – he goes into the forest and screams – kath goes in and finds him – he apologizes – she says now she knows why he was always short tempered at school – he always knew he could not make it to the dererral – that’s why – tommy says that might be true

Chapter 23 Final chapter

Tommy behaves as if to avoid kath – he is among the other donors talking but ignores when kath comes and waits for him – he says kath would understand if she ever becomes a donor – he urges her to become a donor – how long would she be a carer? –
Tommy feels he ought to get different carer –he talks about how he acted when scored a goal those days in Hailsham – he lifts his hands and runs as if he runs on ankle high water – splash splash –
Kath leaves tommy – they talk about ruth –
Tommy is completed (dead) – kath drives to Norfolk – walks through the trees – sees debris – imagines all the things she had lost in her childhood had been washed away at Norfolk – Imagines tommy is coming back – returns to her duty.
End of the novel
I don’t like the novel. The writing style is not good. This is probably because the narrator is a girl who is not much educated or the author might have tried to make her tell the story like a youngster of the present era might tell. The story revolves around three young people, one could say triangle love story. The organ donation as a back drop. But that was never explored. Everybody seems to take it a way of life. May be the author intended to replicate what happens in real life. When I wrote synopsis for each chapter I could see some of them had no sense. The ending was abrupt and the preceding chapters did not lead up to the climax. It comes as a weak surprise.
What I liked about the story was when the narration is in first person singular, the reader is able to observe the mood swings and emotional growth or the lack of it of the narrator by way of her interacting with other characters. One could see she blurts out things and exposes her inner desires and failures. But this aspect of the novel could have been explored more.
All in all I am disappointed that this novel is written by a Nobel laureate.
Someone tell me if my thought process is wrong.